Systemic lupus erythematosus
A systemic autoimmune condition with varied manifestations. It may affect the skin, joints, blood, kidneys and other organs.
About the condition
A systemic autoimmune condition with varied manifestations. It may affect the skin, joints, blood, kidneys and other organs.
Lupus has varied skin, joint, kidney and other manifestations. Activity may alternate with remission; it is not contagious.
Symptoms
Joint pain, sun-sensitive rash, mouth ulcers and fatigue may occur. Organ involvement can be subtle.
Unexplained fever, hair loss and pain on breathing matter. Leg swelling, foamy urine or hypertension may suggest kidney involvement.
Diagnosis
Clinicians combine symptoms with ANA, other immune tests, blood and urine results. A positive ANA alone does not establish lupus.
Anti-dsDNA, complement and urine protein are assessed as indicated. Suspected nephritis may need kidney biopsy to guide treatment.
Treatment
Treatment depends on activity and organ involvement; hydroxychloroquine and other therapies are used when appropriate. Sun protection matters.
Organ involvement may require mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide or biologics. Glucocorticoid plans aim to minimise long-term exposure.
Monitoring
Monitor blood, urine and kidney function. Hydroxychloroquine requires planned eye monitoring; discuss pregnancy in advance.
Track flares, urine results and medicine safety. Discuss disease stability and medicine compatibility before pregnancy; fever is not automatically a lupus flare.
Sources
Content date: